Table 1 Characteristics of cardiovascular risk clinical prediction rules (CPRs)
CPRs with an independent external validation, n = 29 | CPRs with no independent external validation, n = 96 | All cardiovascular risk CPRs, n = 125 | |
|---|---|---|---|
A. CPR derivation | |||
1. Study design, n (%)* | |||
Cohort | 25 (89.3) | 85 (88.5) | 110 (88.7) |
Case-control | 3 (10.7) | 11 (11.5) | 14 (11.3) |
2. Geographic location, n (%) | |||
USA | 20 (69.0) | 23 (24.0) | 43 (34.4) |
Continental Europe | 4 (13.8) | 25 (26.0) | 29 (23.2) |
UK | 2 (6.9) | 10 (10.4) | 12 (9.6) |
Asia | 0 (0.0) | 19 (19.8) | 19 (15.2) |
Other | 0 (0.0) | 10 (10.4) | 10 (8.0) |
Multiple countries | 3 (10.3) | 9 (9.4) | 12 (9.6) |
3. Sample size, median (IQR)* | 6032 (5277–19,306) | 5206 (2721–12,299.5) | 5722.5 (3396–12,711.5) |
4. Number of predictors, median (IQR)** | 8 (7–9) | 8 (6–9) | 8 (6–9) |
5. Presentation format, n (%) | |||
User-friendly | 15 (51.7) | 37 (38.5) | 52 (41.6) |
Not user-friendly | 14 (48.3) | 59 (61.5) | 73 (58.4) |
6. Validation in derivation, n (%) | |||
External | 1 (3.5) | 18 (18.8) | 19 (15.2) |
Internal | 9 (31.0) | 23 (24.0) | 32 (25.6) |
None | 19 (65.5) | 55 (57.3) | 74 (59.2) |
B. Reporting and publication | |||
1. Description of participants, n (%) | |||
Clear | 15 (51.7) | 46 (47.9) | 61 (48.8) |
Unclear | 14 (42.3) | 50 (52.1) | 64 (51.2) |
2. Description of predictors, n (%) | |||
Clear | 11 (37.9) | 54 (56.3) | 65 (52.0) |
Unclear | 18 (62.1) | 42 (43.8) | 60 (48.0) |
3. Description of outcomes, n (%) | |||
Clear | 8 (27.6) | 40 (41.7) | 48 (38.4) |
Unclear | 21 (72.4) | 56 (58.3) | 77 (61.6) |
4. Performance measure, n (%) | |||
Reported | 16 (55.2) | 67 (69.8) | 83 (66.4) |
Not reported | 13 (44.8) | 29 (30.2) | 42 (33.6) |
5. Information for risk calculation, n (%) | |||
Reported | 24 (82.8) | 54 (56.3) | 78 (62.4) |
Not reported | 5 (17.2) | 42 (43.8) | 47 (37.6) |
6. Impact factor, median (IQR) | 15.1 (4.3–17.2) | 3.9 (3.1–7.1) | 4.3 (3.2–15.1) |