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Table 1 Comparison of participants characteristics and outcomes in derivation and external validation cohorts*

From: Critical appraisal and external validation of a prognostic model for survival of people living with HIV/AIDS who underwent antiretroviral therapy

Characteristics

Derivation cohort of the Wenzhou model [13]

External validation cohort

Total (N = 525)

Missing values (n (%))

Total (N = 16758)

Missing values (n (%))

Study information

 Geographic location

East China

..

South China

..

 Data source

AIDS Prevention and Control Information System in Wenzhou city

..

National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program database in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou city

..

 Follow-up duration

January 2006 to December 2018

..

February 2004 to 1 January 2020

..

Variables in the prognostic model of the Wenzhou study

 Viral load, copies/mL

 

0 (0.0)

 

14361 (85.7)

  < 200

413 (78.7)

..

39 (1.6)

..

  200–1000

16 (3.0)

..

57 (2.4)

..

  ≥ 1000

96 (18.3)

..

2301 (96.0)

..

 CD4+ cell count, cells/μL

208.3 (86.0, 328.0)

..

209.00 (72.0, 319.0)

173 (1.1)

 Hemoglobin, g/L

136.7 (118.0, 149.0)

..

137.00 (116.0, 150.0)

237 (1.4)

Variables used for matching by the Wenzhou study

 

 Age, year

49.7 (37.3, 63.5)

0 (0.0)

34.3 (27.2, 44.0)

0 (0.0)

 Gender

 

0 (0.0)

 

0 (0.0)

  Men

436 (83.0)

..

13662 (81.5)

..

  Women

89 (17.0)

..

3096 (18.5)

..

Other variables in the Wenzhou study†

 

 Hepatitis B virus

 

0 (0.0)

 

3152 (18.8)

  Positive

68 (13.0)

..

1799 (13.2)

..

  Negative

457 (87.0)

..

11807 (86.8)

..

 Tuberculosis

 

13 (2.5)

 

17 (0.1)

  Yes

24 (4.6)

..

1097 (6.6)

..

  No

488 (93.0)

..

15644 (93.5)

..

 WHO stage

 

0 (0.0)

 

17 (0.1)

  I

265 (50.5)

..

417 (2.5)

..

  II

53 (10.1)

..

392 (2.3)

..

  III

157 (29.9)

..

15535 (92.8)

..

  IV

50 (9.5)

 

397 (2.4)

..

 Infection pathway

 

0 (0.0)

 

692 (4.1)

 NMHR

304 (57.9)

..

7473 (46.5)

..

 MSM

158 (30.1)

..

7271 (45.3)

..

 Others

63 (12.0)

..

1322 (8.2)

..

 Participant category

 

0 (0.0)

 

5 (0.03)

  Fixed population

407 (77.5)

 

10966 (65.4)

..

  Floating population

118 (22.5)

 

5787 (34.5)

..

 Marital status

 

0 (0.0)

 

105 (0.6)

  Married

277 (52.8)

..

7973 (47.9)

..

  Unmarried

248 (47.2)

..

8680 (52.1)

..

 Body mass index, kg/m2‡

21.3 (19.3, 23.7)

0 (0.0)

20.76 (19.0, 22.9)

2667 (15.9)

 CD8 cell count, cells/μL

861.0 (535.0, 1272.0)

0 (0.0)

786.00 (521.0, 1121.0)

416 (2.5)

 White blood cell, 109/L

5.3 (4.2, 6.8)

0 (0.0)

5.1 (4.1, 6.4)

220 (1.3)

 Platelet, 109/L

186.0 (144.0, 224.0)

0 (0.0)

200.0 (160.0, 242.0)

230 (1.4)

 Creatinine, μmol/L

70.0 (58.6, 81.0)

0 (0.0)

74.0 (63.8, 84.0)

516 (3.1)

 Triglyceride, mmol/L

1.5 (1.0, 2.4)

0 (0.0)

1.3 (0.9, 1.8)

2555 (15.3)

 Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.1 ± 0.9

0 (0.0)

4.0 (3.4, 4.6)

2559 (15.3)

 Plasma glucose, mmol/L

5.3 (4.7, 6.6)

0 (0.0)

5.2 (4.7, 5.7)

1449 (8.7)

 Aspartate transaminase, U/L

25.0 (19.0, 34.0)

0 (0.0)

23.00 (19.00, 32.00)

249 (1.5)

 Alanine aminotransferase, U/L

21.6 (15.0, 34.0)

0 (0.0)

23.00 (16.0, 36.0)

232 (1.4)

 Total bilirubin, μmol/L

10.8 (7.7, 15.4)

0 (0.0)

9.73 (7.2, 13.0)

361 (2.2)

Other variables in the validation cohort

 ART initiation year§

   

0 (0.0)

  2004-2007

..

..

575 (3.4)

..

  2008-2011

..

..

2227 (13.3)

..

  2012-2015

..

..

5810 (34.7)

..

  2016-2019

..

..

8146 (48.6)

..

 Baseline ART regimen

   

0 (0.0)

  First-line¶

..

..

13286 (79.3)

..

  Others

..

..

3472 (20.7)

..

Outcomes

 Endpoint

HIV-related mortality

..

All-cause mortality

..

 Number of events

105

..

743

..

 Mortality per 1000 person-years

73.1

..

11.4

..

  1. NMHR non-marital heterosexual transmission, MSM men who have sex with men, WHO World Health Organization, ART antiretroviral therapy
  2. *Categorical variables are presented as n (%), and continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range)
  3. †Occupation, history of sexually transmitted diseases other than HIV/AIDS, education level, disease stage, and origin of identification were also included in the Wenzhou study but were not included in this study because these data were unavailable in our database
  4. ‡Body mass index = body weight/height2
  5. §Cut-off values of years were determined by changes in Chinese national guidelines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS regarding the threshold of CD4+ cell counts for initiating ART. Prior to 2007, HIV-infected patients with a CD4+ count ≤ 200 cells per μL or those who had been diagnosed with an AIDS-defining illness were eligible for ART initiation. The treatment initiation threshold was raised to 350 cells per μL in 2008 and then to 500 cells per μL in 2012. Since 2016, all PLWHA have been eligible for ART regardless of CD4+ count
  6. ¶First-line ART regimens consist of zidovudine/stavudine/tenofovir + lamivudine + nevirapine/efavirenz
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Research

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