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Table 1 Description of base cohort

From: Comparison of methods for predicting COVID-19-related death in the general population using the OpenSAFELY platform

 

N (%)

COVID-19-related deaths (row %)

Total

11,972,947 (100.0)

7999 (0.07)

Age group

 18–39

4,275,852 (35.7)

52 (0.00)

 40–49

2,022,527 (16.9)

141 (0.01)

 50–59

2,040,181 (17.0)

437 (0.02)

 60–69

1,635,143 (13.7)

938 (0.06)

 70–79

1,319,367 (11.0)

2025 (0.15)

 80+

679,877 (5.7)

4406 (0.65)

Sex

 Female

6,232,725 (52.1)

3315 (0.05)

 Male

5,740,222 (47.9)

4684 (0.08)

BMI

 Underweight (<18.5)

249,294 (2.1)

306 (0.12)

 Normal (18.5–29.9)

3,982,133 (33.3)

2480 (0.06)

 Obese I (30–34.9)

3,690,583 (30.8)

2430 (0.07)

 Obese II (35–39.9)

1,794,812 (15.0)

1462 (0.08)

 Obese III (40+)

678,109 (5.7)

658 (0.10)

 Missinga

1,242,341 (10.4)

340 (0.03)

Smoking

 Never smoker

5,540,732 (46.3)

2499 (0.05)

 Former smoker

3,921,016 (32.7)

4745 (0.12)

 Current smoker

2,253,231 (18.8)

737 (0.03)

 Missing

257,968 (2.2)

18 (0.01)

Ethnicity

 White

10,184,871 (85.1)

6952 (0.07)

 Indian

405,477 (3.4)

299 (0.07)

 Pakistani

262,882 (2.2)

161 (0.06)

 Bangladeshi/other Asian

262,882 (2.2)

161 (0.06)

 African/other black

280,466 (2.3)

173 (0.06)

 Caribbean

80,863 (0.7)

124 (0.15)

 Chinese

103,423 (0.9)

20 (0.02)

 Mixed/others

392,097 (3.3)

147 (0.04)

Deprivation

 IMD 1 (least deprived)

2,315,449 (19.3)

1255 (0.05)

 IMD 2

2,375,974 (19.8)

1443 (0.06)

 IMD 3

2,398,815 (20.0)

1537 (0.06)

 IMD 4

2,489,997 (20.8)

1791 (0.07)

 IMD 5 (most deprived)

2,392,712 (20.0)

1973 (0.08)

Location

 Urban

9,595,617 (80.1)

6775 (0.07)

 Rural

2,377,330 (19.9)

1224 (0.05)

Region

 East

2,730,203 (22.8)

1773 (0.06)

 London

1,018,332 (8.5)

755 (0.07)

 Midlands

2,673,963 (22.3)

2005 (0.07)

 North East and Yorkshire

2,242,375 (18.7)

1679 (0.07)

 North West

1,053,537 (8.8)

905 (0.09)

 South East

744,930 (6.2)

309 (0.04)

 South West

1,509,607 (12.6)

573 (0.04)

Blood pressure

 Normal

2,797,632 (23.4)

1725 (0.06)

 Elevated

1,757,455 (14.7)

1406 (0.08)

 High, stage I

3,899,203 (32.6)

2454 (0.06)

 High, stage II

2,492,161 (20.8)

2389 (0.10)

 Missing

1,026,496 (8.6)

25 (0.00)

 Diagnosed hypertension

2,448,605 (20.5)

5332 (0.22)

Comorbidities

Respiratory

  Asthma, no OCS use

1,829,710 (15.3)

1008 (0.06)

  Asthma, with OCS use

112,407 (0.9)

248 (0.22)

  Respiratory disease

495,699 (4.1)

1809 (0.36)

  Cystic fibrosis or other conditions

3167 (0.0)

4 (0.13)

Cardiovascular

  Cardiac disease

783,896 (6.5)

3008 (0.38)

  Atrial fibrillation

430,798 (3.6)

1808 (0.42)

  DVT/PE

249,969 (2.1)

773 (0.31)

  PAD or lower limb amputation

41,362 (0.3)

220 (0.53)

  Diabetes, controlled

738,369 (6.2)

1908 (0.26)

  Diabetes, uncontrolled

346,726 (2.9)

1054 (0.30)

  Diabetes, status unknown

133,387 (1.1)

306 (0.23)

Neurological

  Stroke

240,401 (2.0)

1287 (0.54)

  Vascular dementia

22,792 (0.2)

489 (2.15)

  Other neurological conditions

114,431 (1.0)

480 (0.42)

Cancer (non-haematological)

  Diagnosed < 1 year ago

54,290 (0.5)

216 (0.40)

  Diagnosed 2–5 years ago

157,859 (1.3)

358 (0.23)

  Diagnosed 5+ years ago

362,457 (3.0)

879 (0.24)

Haematological cancer

  Diagnosed <1 year ago

6151 (0.1)

47 (0.76)

  Diagnosed 2–5 years ago

18,722 (0.2)

95 (0.51)

  Diagnosed 5+ years ago

42,492 (0.4)

116 (0.27)

Kidney and liver

  Reduced kidney function (eGFR in range 30–<60 mL/min/1.73m2)

607,308 (5.1)

2793 (0.46)

  Very reduced kidney function (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m2)

58,081 (0.5)

694 (1.19)

  Dialysis

8871 (0.1)

115 (1.30)

  Liver disease

74,193 (0.6)

189 (0.25)

  Organ transplant

11,349 (0.1)

50 (0.44)

Immunosuppression

  Spleen

19,815 (0.2)

29 (0.15)

  RA/SLE/psoriasis

609,421 (5.1)

733 (0.12)

  Immunosuppression

13,091 (0.1)

28 (0.21)

  HIV

23,078 (0.2)

17 (0.07)

  Inflammatory bowel disease

152,080 (1.3)

169 (0.11)

Others

  Fracture (in >65 year old in last 2 years)

55,952 (0.5)

443 (0.79)

  Learning disability

158,350 (1.3)

161 (0.10)

  Serious mental illness

150,928 (1.3)

254 (0.17)

  1. BMI Body Mass Index, IMD Index of Multiple Deprivation, OCS oral corticosteroids, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, DVT/PE Deep vein thrombosis/Pulmonary embolism, PAD Peripheral arterial disease, RA/SLE Rheumatoid arthritis/Systemic lupus erythematosus
  2. aCombined with normal category into a “no evidence of overweight/underweight” for modelling