Fig. 1

Multivariable associations (black lines or points) of physical frailty phenotype criterion predictors (expressed on their natural scales for interpretability) with Frailty Index. Predicted mean frailty index values were calculated from a Bayesian beta regression model using thin-plate splines for continuous predictors and the monotonic effects approach for ordinal predictors. For all predictors, ribbons are 95% (light blue), 80% (medium blue), and 50% (dark blue) credible intervals