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  1. Random forests have become popular for clinical risk prediction modeling. In a case study on predicting ovarian malignancy, we observed training AUCs close to 1. Although this suggests overfitting, performance...

    Authors: Lasai Barreñada, Paula Dhiman, Dirk Timmerman, Anne-Laure Boulesteix and Ben Van Calster
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Many clinical pathways for the diagnosis of disease are based on diagnostic tests that are performed in sequence. The performance of the full diagnostic sequence is dictated by the diagnostic performance of ea...

    Authors: Thomas R. Fanshawe, Brian D. Nicholson, Rafael Perera and Jason L. Oke
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:8
    Content type: Review Published on:

  3. Interim analysis is a common methodology in randomised clinical trials but has received less attention in studies of diagnostic test accuracy. In such studies, early termination for futility may be beneficial ...

    Authors: Susannah Fleming, Lazaro Mwandigha and Thomas R. Fanshawe
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:12
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  5. In recent years, significant efforts have been directed towards the research and development of disease-modifying therapies for dementia. These drugs focus on prodromal (mild cognitive impairment, MCI) and/or ...

    Authors: Flavia L. Lombardo, Patrizia Lorenzini, Flavia Mayer, Marco Massari, Paola Piscopo, Ilaria Bacigalupo, Antonio Ancidoni, Francesco Sciancalepore, Nicoletta Locuratolo, Giulia Remoli, Simone Salemme, Stefano Cappa, Daniela Perani, Patrizia Spadin, Fabrizio Tagliavini, Alberto Redolfi…
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:11
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  6. Saliva has been proposed as a potential more convenient, cost-effective, and easier sample for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections, but there is limited knowledge of the impact of saliva volumes and stages of inf...

    Authors: Natasha Samsunder, Aida Sivro, Razia Hassan-Moosa, Lara Lewis, Zahra Kara, Cheryl Baxter, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Salim Abdool Karim, Ayesha B. M. Kharsany, Kogieleum Naidoo and Sinaye Ngcapu
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:9
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. An increasing number of people are using multiple medications each day, named polypharmacy. This is driven by an ageing population, increasing multimorbidity, and single disease-focussed guidelines. Medication...

    Authors: Jung Yin Tsang, Matthew Sperrin, Thomas Blakeman, Rupert A. Payne and Darren M. Ashcroft
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:10
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  8. People with opioid use disorder have substantially higher standardised mortality rates compared to the general population; however, lack of clear individual prognostic information presents challenges to priori...

    Authors: Emmert Roberts, John Strang, Patrick Horgan and Brian Eastwood
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:7
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  9. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory disorder that is common, costly, and is increasing in incidence worldwide with over 300,000 hospitalizations occurring yearly in the United States alone. As its...

    Authors: Amier Hassan, Brian Critelli, Ila Lahooti, Ali Lahooti, Nate Matzko, Jan Niklas Adams, Lukas Liss, Justin Quion, David Restrepo, Melica Nikahd, Stacey Culp, Lydia Noh, Kathleen Tong, Jun Sung Park, Venkata Akshintala, John A. Windsor…
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:6
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  10. Patients with dementia and their caregivers could benefit from advance care planning though may not be having these discussions in a timely manner or at all. A prognostic tool could serve as a prompt to health...

    Authors: Michael Bonares, Stacey Fisher, Kieran Quinn, Kirsten Wentlandt and Peter Tanuseputro
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:5
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  11. There is urgent clinical need to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers that predict the progression of dementia symptoms in individuals with early-phase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) especially given the research...

    Authors: Takashi Nihashi, Keita Sakurai, Takashi Kato, Yasuyuki Kimura, Kengo Ito, Akinori Nakamura and Teruhiko Terasawa
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:4
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  12. Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although smoking is the primary cause of the cancer, lung cancer is also commonly diagnosed in...

    Authors: Alpamys Issanov, Atul Aravindakshan, Lorri Puil, Martin C. Tammemägi, Stephen Lam and Trevor J. B. Dummer
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:3
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  13. Avoidable hospitalizations are considered preventable given effective and timely primary care management and are an important indicator of health system performance. The ability to predict avoidable hospitaliz...

    Authors: Laura C. Rosella, Mackenzie Hurst, Meghan O’Neill, Lief Pagalan, Lori Diemert, Kathy Kornas, Andy Hong, Stacey Fisher and Douglas G. Manuel
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:2
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  14. Speech perception tests are essential to measure the functional use of hearing and to determine the effectiveness of hearing aids and implantable auditory devices. However, these language-based tests require a...

    Authors: Lana Biot, Laura Jacxsens, Emilie Cardon, Huib Versnel, Koenraad S. Rhebergen, Ralf A. Boerboom, Annick Gilles, Vincent Van Rompaey and Marc J. W. Lammers
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2024 8:1
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  15. Over time, the performance of clinical prediction models may deteriorate due to changes in clinical management, data quality, disease risk and/or patient mix. Such prediction models must be updated in order to...

    Authors: Kamaryn T. Tanner, Ruth H. Keogh, Carol A. C. Coupland, Julia Hippisley-Cox and Karla Diaz-Ordaz
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:24
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  16. For people at high risk of lung cancer, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is proposed as a method to reduce mortality.

    Authors: Emma Duer, Huiqin Yang, Sophie Robinson, Bogdan Grigore, Josie Sandercock, Tristan Snowsill, Ed Griffin, Jaime Peters and Chris Hyde
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:26
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are common in primary care and patients at particular risk of adverse outcomes, e.g., hospitalisation and mortality, are challenging to identify. LR...

    Authors: Merijn H. Rijk, Tamara N. Platteel, Geert-Jan Geersing, Monika Hollander, Bert L. G. P. Dalmolen, Paul Little, Frans H. Rutten, Maarten van Smeden and Roderick P. Venekamp
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:23
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  18. Recent advances in machine learning combined with the growing availability of digitized health records offer new opportunities for improving early diagnosis of depression. An emerging body of research shows th...

    Authors: David Nickson, Henrik Singmann, Caroline Meyer, Carla Toro and Lukasz Walasek
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Transplantation represents the optimal treatment for many patients with end-stage kidney disease. When a donor kidney is available to a waitlisted patient, clinicians responsible for the care of the potential ...

    Authors: Stephanie Riley, Kimberly Tam, Wai-Yee Tse, Andrew Connor and Yinghui Wei
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:20
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Prediction models for outcomes after orthopedic surgery provide patients with evidence-based postoperative outcome expectations. Our objectives were (1) to identify prognostic factors associated with the posto...

    Authors: Thomas Stojanov, Soheila Aghlmandi, Andreas Marc Müller, Markus Scheibel, Matthias Flury and Laurent Audigé
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. The kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) predicts the 2- and 5-year risk of needing kidney replacement therapy (KRT) using four risk factors — age, sex, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and creatinine-ba...

    Authors: Francesca Maher, Lucy Teece, Rupert W. Major, Naomi Bradbury, James F. Medcalf, Nigel J. Brunskill, Sarah Booth and Laura J. Gray
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Osteoporosis poses a growing healthcare challenge owing to its rising prevalence and a significant treatment gap, as patients are widely underdiagnosed and consequently undertreated, leaving them at high risk ...

    Authors: Simon Bang Kristensen, Anne Clausen, Michael Kriegbaum Skjødt, Jens Søndergaard, Bo Abrahamsen, Sören Möller and Katrine Hass Rubin
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:19
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  23. A lack of biomarkers that detect drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accurately continues to hinder early- and late-stage drug development and remains a challenge in clinical practice. The Innovative Medicines In...

    Authors: Jane I. Grove, Camilla Stephens, M. Isabel Lucena, Raúl J. Andrade, Sabine Weber, Alexander Gerbes, Einar S. Bjornsson, Guido Stirnimann, Ann K. Daly, Matthias Hackl, Kseniya Khamina-Kotisch, Jose J. G. Marin, Maria J. Monte, Sara A. Paciga, Melanie Lingaya, Shiva S. Forootan…
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:18
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  24. A previous individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) of antibiotics for adults with clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) showed a marginal overall effect of antibiotics, but was unable to i...

    Authors: Jeroen Hoogland, Toshihiko Takada, Maarten van Smeden, Maroeska M. Rovers, An I. de Sutter, Daniel Merenstein, Laurent Kaiser, Helena Liira, Paul Little, Heiner C. Bucher, Karel G. M. Moons, Johannes B. Reitsma and Roderick P. Venekamp
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. In a pandemic setting, it is critical to evaluate and deploy accurate diagnostic tests rapidly. This relies heavily on the sample size chosen to assess the test accuracy (e.g. sensitivity and specificity) duri...

    Authors: S. Faye Williamson, Cameron J. Williams, B. Clare Lendrem and Kevin J. Wilson
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:17
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  26. Numerous biomarkers have been proposed for diagnosis, therapeutic, and prognosis in sepsis. Previous evaluations of the value of biomarkers for predicting mortality due to this life-threatening condition fail ...

    Authors: Daniel Molano-Franco, Ingrid Arevalo-Rodriguez, Alfonso Muriel, Laura del Campo-Albendea, Silvia Fernández-García, Ana Alvarez-Méndez, Daniel Simancas-Racines, Andres Viteri, Guillermo Sanchez, Borja Fernandez-Felix, Jesus Lopez-Alcalde, Ivan Solà, Dimelza Osorio, Khalid Saeed Khan, Xavier Nuvials, Ricard Ferrer…
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:15
    Content type: Review Published on:

  27. Rapid antigen tests detecting SARS-CoV-2 were shown to be a useful tool in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report on the results of a prospective diagnostic accuracy study of four SARS-CoV-2 rapid ant...

    Authors: Natasha Samsunder, Gila Lustig, Slindile Ngubane, Thando Glory Maseko, Santhuri Rambaran, Sinaye Ngcapu, Stanley Nzuzo Magini, Lara Lewis, Cherie Cawood, Ayesha B. M. Kharsany, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Salim Abdool Karim, Kogieleum Naidoo and Aida Sivro
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Group A streptococcus is found in 20–40% of cases of childhood pharyngitis; the remaining cases are viral. Streptococcal pharyngitis (“strep throat”) is usually treated with antibiotics, while these are not in...

    Authors: Robert Touitou, Philippe Bidet, Constance Dubois, Henri Partouche, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Camille Jung, Robert Cohen, Corinne Levy and Jérémie F. Cohen
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:13
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  29. Clinical scores help physicians to make clinical decisions, and some are recommended by health authorities for primary care use. As an increasing number of scores are becoming available, there is a need to und...

    Authors: Maxime Pautrat, Remy Palluau, Loic Druilhe and Jean Pierre Lebeau
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. A number of recent papers have proposed methods to calculate confidence intervals and p values for net benefit used in decision curve analysis. These papers are sparse on the rationale for doing so. We aim to ass...

    Authors: Andrew J. Vickers, Ben Van Claster, Laure Wynants and Ewout W. Steyerberg
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:11
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  31. Prediction algorithms that quantify the expected benefit of a given treatment conditional on patient characteristics can critically inform medical decisions. Quantifying the performance of treatment benefit pr...

    Authors: Yuan Xia, Paul Gustafson and Mohsen Sadatsafavi
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:10
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  32. The performance of models for binary outcomes can be described by measures such as the concordance statistic (c-statistic, area under the curve), the discrimination slope, or the Brier score. At internal valid...

    Authors: Angelika Geroldinger, Lara Lusa, Mariana Nold and Georg Heinze
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:9
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  33. The multivariable fractional polynomial (MFP) approach combines variable selection using backward elimination with a function selection procedure (FSP) for fractional polynomial (FP) functions. It is a relativ...

    Authors: Willi Sauerbrei, Edwin Kipruto and James Balmford
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:7
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  34. The COVID-19 pandemic has a large impact worldwide and is known to particularly affect the older population. This paper outlines the protocol for external validation of prognostic models predicting mortality r...

    Authors: Anum Zahra, Kim Luijken, Evertine J. Abbink, Jesse M. van den Berg, Marieke T. Blom, Petra Elders, Jan Festen, Jacobijn Gussekloo, Karlijn J. Joling, René Melis, Simon Mooijaart, Jeannette B. Peters, Harmke A. Polinder-Bos, Bas F. M. van Raaij, Annemieke Smorenberg, Hannah M. la Roi-Teeuw…
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:8
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  35. The conventional count-based physical frailty phenotype (PFP) dichotomizes its criterion predictors—an approach that creates information loss and depends on the availability of population-derived cut-points. T...

    Authors: Yong-Hao Pua, Laura Tay, Ross Allan Clark, Julian Thumboo, Ee-Ling Tay, Shi-Min Mah, Pei-Yueng Lee and Yee-Sien Ng
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Many potential prognostic factors for predicting kidney transplantation outcomes have been identified. However, in Switzerland, no widely accepted prognostic model or risk score for transplantation outcomes is...

    Authors: Simon Schwab, Daniel Sidler, Fadi Haidar, Christian Kuhn, Stefan Schaub, Michael Koller, Katell Mellac, Ueli Stürzinger, Bruno Tischhauser, Isabelle Binet, Déla Golshayan, Thomas Müller, Andreas Elmer, Nicola Franscini, Nathalie Krügel, Thomas Fehr…
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:6
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  37. Personalized disease management informed by quantitative risk prediction has the potential to improve patient care and outcomes. The integration of risk prediction into clinical workflow should be informed by ...

    Authors: Kristina D. Michaux, Rebecca K. Metcalfe, Paloma Burns, Annalijn I. Conklin, Alison M. Hoens, Daniel Smith, Laura Struik, Abdollah Safari, Don D. Sin and Mohsen Sadatsafavi
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:3
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  38. While administrative health records such as national registries may be useful data sources to study the epidemiology of psoriasis, they do not generally contain information on disease severity.

    Authors: Mie Sylow Liljendahl, Nikolai Loft, Alexander Egeberg, Lone Skov and Tri-Long Nguyen
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Cervical cancer remains a public health problem worldwide, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. There are challenges in timely screening and diagnosis for early detection and intervention. Therefore, studies on c...

    Authors: Frank Ssedyabane, Nixon Niyonzima, Joseph Ngonzi, Deusdedit Tusubira, Moses Ocan, Dickens Akena, Eve Namisango, Robert Apunyo, Alison Annet Kinengyere and Ekwaro A. Obuku
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:4
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  40. Simple blood tests can play an important role in identifying patients for cancer investigation. The current evidence base is limited almost entirely to tests used in isolation. However, recent evidence suggest...

    Authors: Pradeep S. Virdee, Clare Bankhead, Constantinos Koshiaris, Cynthia Wright Drakesmith, Jason Oke, Diana Withrow, Subhashisa Swain, Kiana Collins, Lara Chammas, Andres Tamm, Tingting Zhu, Eva Morris, Tim Holt, Jacqueline Birks, Rafael Perera, F. D. Richard Hobbs…
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2023 7:1
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  41. Clinical prediction models must be appropriately validated before they can be used. While validation studies are sometimes carefully designed to match an intended population/setting of the model, it is common ...

    Authors: Matthew Sperrin, Richard D. Riley, Gary S. Collins and Glen P. Martin
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2022 6:24
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  42. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death among women. CVD is associated with reduced quality of life, significant treatment and management costs, and lost productivity. Estimating the risk of C...

    Authors: Steven Wambua, Francesca Crowe, Shakila Thangaratinam, Dermot O’Reilly, Colin McCowan, Sinead Brophy, Christopher Yau, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar and Richard Riley
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2022 6:23
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  43. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demands reliable prognostic models for estimating the risk of long COVID. We developed and validated a prediction model to estimate the probability of known com...

    Authors: Manja Deforth, Caroline E. Gebhard, Susan Bengs, Philipp K. Buehler, Reto A. Schuepbach, Annelies S. Zinkernagel, Silvio D. Brugger, Claudio T. Acevedo, Dimitri Patriki, Benedikt Wiggli, Raphael Twerenbold, Gabriela M. Kuster, Hans Pargger, Joerg C. Schefold, Thibaud Spinetti, Pedro D. Wendel-Garcia…
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2022 6:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized by recurrent psychoses that typically waxes and wanes through its prodromal, acute, and chronic phases. A large amount of research on individual prognosti...

    Authors: Akira Sato, Norio Watanabe, Kazushi Maruo, Toshihiro Moriyama and Toshi A. Furukawa
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2022 6:20
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  45. The incidence and mortality of liver cancer have been increasing in the UK in recent years. However, liver cancer is still under-studied. The Early Detection of Hepatocellular Liver Cancer (DeLIVER-QResearch) ...

    Authors: Weiqi Liao, Peter Jepsen, Carol Coupland, Hamish Innes, Philippa C. Matthews, Cori Campbell, Eleanor Barnes and Julia Hippisley-Cox
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2022 6:21
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  46. Rectal cancer has a high prevalence. The standard of care for management of localised disease involves major surgery and/or chemoradiotherapy, but these modalities are sometimes associated with mortality and m...

    Authors: Margarita Karageorgou, David M. Hughes, Arthur Sun Myint, D. Mark Pritchard and Laura J. Bonnett
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2022 6:19
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  47. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (DTA) provides guidance on important aspects of conducting a test accuracy systematic review. In this paper we present TOMAS-R (Template...

    Authors: Sue Mallett, Jacqueline Dinnes, Yemisi Takwoingi and Lavinia Ferrante de Ruffano
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2022 6:18
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  48. The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies from asymptomatic state to severe respiratory failure and the clinical course is difficult to predict. The aim of the study was to develop a prognostic model to pred...

    Authors: Elias Eythorsson, Valgerdur Bjarnadottir, Hrafnhildur Linnet Runolfsdottir, Dadi Helgason, Ragnar Freyr Ingvarsson, Helgi K. Bjornsson, Lovisa Bjork Olafsdottir, Solveig Bjarnadottir, Arnar Snaer Agustsson, Kristin Oskarsdottir, Hrafn Hliddal Thorvaldsson, Gudrun Kristjansdottir, Aron Hjalti Bjornsson, Arna R. Emilsdottir, Brynja Armannsdottir, Olafur Gudlaugsson…
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2022 6:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. There is increasing evidence supporting the use of faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) in patients reporting symptoms associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), but most studies until now have focused on selected ...

    Authors: Anna Lööv, Cecilia Högberg, Mikael Lilja, Elvar Theodorsson, Per Hellström, Alexandra Metsini and Louise Olsson
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2022 6:16
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  50. Anal cancer is a rare cancer with rising incidence. Despite the relatively good outcomes conferred by state-of-the-art chemoradiotherapy, further improving disease control and reducing toxicity has proven chal...

    Authors: Stelios Theophanous, Per-Ivar Lønne, Ananya Choudhury, Maaike Berbee, Andre Dekker, Kristopher Dennis, Alice Dewdney, Maria Antonietta Gambacorta, Alexandra Gilbert, Marianne Grønlie Guren, Lois Holloway, Rashmi Jadon, Rohit Kochhar, Ahmed Allam Mohamed, Rebecca Muirhead, Oriol Parés…
    Citation: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2022 6:14
    Content type: Protocol Published on:
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Research

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