Table 1 Methodological quality of model development studies for outcome following moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in terms of applicability and risk of bias assessed with the original PROBAST and models’ usability in research and clinical practice
Study | Models | Applicability | Risk of bias | Usability | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participant selection | Predictors | Outcome | Overall applicability | Participant selection | Predictors | Outcome | Analysis | Overall RoB | Research | Practice | ||
Knaus | APACHE II | H | L | L | H | L | L | L | H | H | y | y |
Le Gall | SAPS II | H | L | L | H | L | L | L | H | H | n | y |
Lemeshow | MPM II models | H | L | L | H | L | L | L | H | H | n | n |
Signorini | Signorini | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | H | H | n | y |
Hukkelhoven | Hukkelhoven model | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | y | y |
Maas | Rotterdam CT score | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | U | U | n | y |
Perel | CRASH models | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | U | U | n | y |
Steyerberg | IMPACT models | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | y | y |
Jacobs | Nijmegen models | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | H | H | y | y |
Yuan | Yuan models | L | L | L | L | L | U | L | H | H | n | y |